The chapter ‘Marma Sharira’ of Sushruta Samhita (ancient manuscript of Ayurveda) gives detailed information about the Marma, for completely understand the importance of Marma and keeping in mind the sites of Marma to avoid the injuries over the vital points (Marma) during surgery. Almost all the Samhitas have mentioned the 107 Marma. Out of 107 Marma, 27 are mentioned under the heading of Snayu Marma, 8 are mentioned in Rujakara Marma, and Kurcasira Marma is one of them. Aim of our study is to find out the appropriate structures related to Kurcasira Marma; and we try to compare the effect of trauma on the site of Marma with the modern science on the basis of some sign and symptoms mentioned in the Samhitas. The anatomical structures at site of Marma are observed and analysed through the cadaveric study and conceptual study through different texts and previous researches. For Kurcasira, it is below the Manibandha in both upper and lower extremity (Gulpha). The study concludes that, Urdhavshakhagata Kurcasira Marma is considered anatomically as the flexor and extensor retinaculum and trauma over the Median nerve in hand and Tibial nerve in foot under the retinaculum shows the symptoms of Ruja as mentioned in Samhitas. Urdhavshakhagata Kurcasira Marma corresponds to structures below the wrist joint, including various tendons and neurovascular components. Injury to this Marma causes pain and swelling due to the involvement of sensory nerves and vascular responses.

The objective of the present research work is to develop a pharmaceutically stable, cost effective and quality improved formulation of “Niacin prolonged release matrix tablets” which is to be bioequivalent with reference product. For the preparation of niacin prolonged release tablets both direct compression and wet granulation method using various polymers such as Methocel K100M, Methocel E15LV, Pharmatose 200M, Cutina HR, Pamster and aerosol. Wet granulation method was carried out in fluidized bed processor with optimized parameters. Tablets were prepared and evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, content uniformity, and in vitro drug release. For the entire formulations similarity factor and dissimilarity factors were calculated among all these results formulation 8 values are satisfied. The release kinetics of the drug was observed to fit best with korsmeyer peppas having regression coefficient of linear line as 0.999 and slope was 0.65. The bottles are loaded in accelerated stability chambers at 400C / 75 % RH conditions. Samples were analysed after one month and two months intervals.

Rubber technical products are one of the main products with the widest range of uses today. In order to expand the scope of RTM use, it is necessary to increase its varieties. The most demanded rubber products are rubber products with high mechanical strength in contact with ozone. In this work, several polymer mixtures were used to obtain ozone-resistant rubber products. For this purpose, ethylene propylene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride and butadiene-nitrile rubber were used. First, a binary system was created based on these polymers, their flow index was determined, and most importantly, their ratios to each other were determined. In order to prepare a composition based on these three polymers, an optimal recipe was selected using the mathematical modeling method, and a rubber mixture was prepared in laboratory cylinders based on this recipe. The mixing mode and the sequence of adding components were determined, and it was confirmed that the mixing process should be carried out at a temperature of 90 ° C and for 12 minutes. The vulcanization mode and time were also determined, and it was possible to obtain ozone-resistant rubber that could meet all operating conditions with a vulcanization temperature of 155 ° C and a period of 21 minutes. The main properties of the vulcanization are the strength limit in dispersion of 19. MPa (Standard 17.6), 71.1k/Hm (Standard 64.3) in ozone dispersion. Since the results were obtained using only the most modern analysis methods, it is possible to produce new rubber technical products based on the results obtained in this work in the production of ozone-resistant rubber products.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, driving the need for more effective and selective therapeutic agents. Combretastatin A-4, a well-known natural stilbene, exhibits strong antimitotic activity by disrupting tubulin polymerization, yet its clinical use is limited due to poor solubility and structural instability. In this study, a novel series of benzoxazole-linked combretastatin analogue is designed and will be synthesized using microwave-assisted organic synthesis, a technique that offers advantages such as enhanced reaction rates, improved yields, and eco-friendly processing. The synthesized compounds are intended to be evaluated for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines through in vitro cytotoxic assays. To complement experimental efforts, molecular docking studies will be conducted using AutoDock software to predict the binding affinity and interaction profiles of the analogues with cancer-related target proteins. The integration of synthetic chemistry, biological screening, and computational modelling is expected to contribute valuable insights into the structure–activity relationship of these hybrid molecules and support the development of potent candidates for breast cancer therapy.

Balchaturbhadra, also known as Balacaturbhadrika Churna, is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation widely employed in the management of pediatric ailments. Comprised of four potent herbs—Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Pippali (Piper longum), Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum), and Karkata Sringi (Pistacia integerrima)—this formulation offers a broad spectrum of therapeutic actions. It is particularly effective in treating common childhood conditions such as fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, and respiratory tract infections. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of Balchaturbhadra’s traditional indications, pharmacological foundations, formulation characteristics, and its growing relevance within contemporary pediatric healthcare.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), characterized by two or more consecutive pregnancy losses, remains a significant reproductive challenge, affecting approximately 1-3% of couples of reproductive ages. Its etiology is highly complex and multifactorial, encompassing genetic, anatomical, hormonal, immunological, infectious, environmental, and acquired thrombophilia factors. Despite considerable progress in reproductive medicine and diagnostics, over half of RSA cases remain unexplained, underscoring the intricacies of its pathogenesis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the diverse contributors to RSA, including chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, endocrine dysfunctions, immune dysregulation, infections, and both inherited and acquired thrombophilia’s. It examines the physiological mechanisms underlying pregnancy maintenance and loss, highlighting the roles of hemostatic changes, immune tolerance, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, the review identifies existing gaps in research and clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of integrated, personalized approaches for diagnosis and management. Recognizing key risk factors such as thrombophilia and chromosomal aberrations is essential for targeted interventions. Future research should prioritize elucidating gene-environmental interactions and developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to improve pregnancy outcomes and provide comprehensive support for affected individuals and couples.

Gymnema sylvestre, a plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family, is native to various regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has long been used in traditional medicine and is currently popular as a dietary supplement owing to its numerous health benefits. G. sylvestre is commonly used in both traditional and Ayurvedic medicine, primarily because of its ability to lower blood glucose levels. This glucose-lowering effect is attributed to its phytochemical content, which includes compounds such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid, and gymnemasaponins. In addition to its role in managing diabetes, the plant is also used to treat a variety of conditions, such as arthritis, diuretic issues, anemia, osteoporosis, high cholesterol, heart disease, asthma, constipation, infections, indigestion, and inflammation. Additionally, Gymnema sylvestre is recognized for its antioxidant, antibiotic, antiviral, gastrointestinal, and liver-protective properties, as well as its anticancer and lipid-lowering effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological and clinical benefits of Gymnema sylvestre, along with the chemical components linked to these therapeutic properties.

Skin cancer, and especially melanoma, is the most hazardous and deadly type of cancer requiring early diagnosis to be treated well. This work suggests a hybrid system that incorporates Convolutional Neural Networks together with histogram equalization, image augmentation, and Principal Component Analysis for melanoma detection. Conventional approaches for detecting skin cancer are subject to human error and lengthy diagnostic periods. Our framework enhances image quality by histogram equalization and increases feature diversity in the dataset via image augmentation, enabling the CNN model to learn better and generalize effectively. PCA is applied for feature extraction that minimizes image feature dimensionality while maintaining necessary features for effective classification. The model was assessed using conventional performance measures, which are accuracy (98.65%), precision (92.75%), recall (91.45%), F1-score (94.50%), Kappa (82.36%), and Jaccard index (81.08%), and all of these show its superiority in separating malignant from benign lesions. The experiment results show that the hybrid scheme improves detection precision and is an effective tool for automatic skin cancer diagnosis in the clinic. This framework represents an important step forward in the construction of more accurate, efficient, and scalable melanoma detection frameworks.