The article is devoted to the systematization of modern data on the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole with potential anticonvulsant activity. The unique properties of 1,2,4-triazole as a universal heterocyclic platform that ensures stability, high bioavailability and pharmacological activity are considered. The strategies of molecular modeling of hybrid molecules based on triazole with various pharmacofores that show antiviral, antifungal, antitumor and immunomodulatory properties are analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the Piranian compounds [3,4-C] pyridine nucleus, which found high anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. Based on the analysis of literature over the last 10 years, the relationship between structural features, physicochemical characteristics and pharmacological effect has been established. The results create the basis for the development of new anti -epileptic drugs with high efficiency and safety, in particular through purposeful design of molecules.

Herbal cosmetics have gained significant popularity in recent years as consumers gravitate toward natural, safe, and eco-friendly alternatives for skincare. The creation and experimental assessment of a herbal face pack using widely accessible plant-based substances are presented in this research study. For the study three herbal face packs (F1, F2 and F3) were prepared using the extracted herbal ingredients in different proportions. The physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the formulations, such as Hausner's ratio, bulk density, tapped density, and angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, and washability test were then evaluated. Formulation F1 showed the most desirable characteristics with a reddish brown colour, pleasant sandalwood-like odour, uniform appearance, and the smoothest texture indicating excellent blending and ingredient compatibility. The parameters like angle of repose (F2- 37.98), tapped density (0.50 g/mL), bulk density (0.42 g/mL), Hausner’s ratio (1.14- 1.15), washability test were within the acceptable limit and revealed that F1 and F3 are the most ideal for consumer use by displaying the most desirable characteristics, including ease of application, good flowability, and non-irritancy. Through methodical laboratory testing, the study seeks to evaluate the prepared face pack for safety, effectiveness, and physical attributes.

According to Ayurveda the body has many channels called srotas that allow the dhatu, doshas, and malas to flow. These include both subtle channels, like capillaries and more subtle one like the intestinal tract, lymphatic system, arteries, veins, and genitor-urinary tracts. Ayurveda offers a number of diagnostic methods that need to be discussed in light of the modern world. Since the entire body is composed of millions of srotas and this is one of the Ayurvedic terms and a fundamental component of Ayurveda. Ayurveda aids in identifying the srotas that are impacted, and ultimately the illness process. In order to diagnose sickness, Ayurveda also uses Agni and Dhatu in the dosha imbalance. Ayurveda uses dosh imbalance as a tool. Dhatu and agni in illness evalution Sushryt provided a surgical aspect of srotas, but charak provided a medicinal explanation. Students studying Ayurveda will benefit from having their understanding of srotes clarified. Ayurvedic Acharyas, an, unhealthy lifestyle and unwholesome diet can cause the srotas system to lose its integrity, which affects the entire range of life processes in both health and sickness. According to Acharya charak, Without the help of the srotas that transport the Dathus, which are continually undergoing transformations, no structure in the body can grow and develop or waste away and atrophy.

Drowning is a mode of asphyxial death due to aspiration of water or other fluid into respiratory tract. For death it is not necessary that the whole body is submerged in the liquid, it is sufficient if the face and nostrils are sub- merged in the liquid. Drowning in India is mostly suicidal attempted by non swimmer. Acidental drowning oc- curs commonly. Drowningis a major cause of accidental death worldwide, with the highest rates among children. About 1, 50, 000 person die from drowning each year around the world. In 2015 approximate 3,60,000 deaths from drowning have recorded. It is 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury related death, accounting for 7 % of all injury related death. Medico-legal aspect of drowning is very important to know whether death was caused by drowning, whether drowning is ante-mortem or post-mortem etc.

Storage container plays a major role that affects the microbial quality of drinking water as mentioned in ayurveda. Objectives: The present research has highlighted the effect of various storage vessels on the microbial quality of drinking water. Methods: Drinking water samples were collected under sterile conditions in a pre-sterilized conical flask and brought to the laboratory immediately for testing. Different vessels, including mud pot, steel container, plastic container, glass container, aluminium container, brass container, copper container and silver container, were taken and rinsed with sterile water. Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was used for analysis of total coliform and fecal coliorm bacteria in the collected water sample. Results: The results of microbial analysis of water stored in eight different containers, showed very clearly the decrease in coliform bacterial population by 12 hrs of storage itself and complete removal of coliform bacteria leading to microbial free safe water within 24 hrs, in water stored in mud pots, brass, copper and silver containers. However, the water stored in other remaining containers viz., steel container, plastic container, glass container and aluminium containers, show the presence of coliform bacteria even in the water stored for 24 hrs. Conclusion: It is concluded that household water storage containers were capable of improving quality of the microbial contaminated water.

Aim/Objective: This study investigated the Effects of Starvation-Induced Stress and ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola on sex hormones in male wistar rat’s models. Materials/Methods: forty male wistar rats, weighing between 120-200g were purchased and acclimatized for a period of 14 days. They were divided into 4 Groups; Groups A (control) was fed with standard diets and water only with no starvation while groups B, C and D were each treated with 1ml of G. kola extract at different concentration. The experiment for starvation induced stress lasted for 42 days while that for the ethanolic extract of G. kola took 28 days. Group B were fed with 15 hours SD with 9 hours of starvation and treated at 25mg/kg. Group C were fed with 6 hours SD with 18 hours of starvation and treated at 50mg/kg while Group D were fed with 12 hours and treated at 100mg/kg ethanolic extract of G-Kola respectively. The Layman and Tiet method was used to determine the various sex hormones. Results: The change in body weights was (control = 58.50g, test groups=40.50g, 56.50g) while those administered ethanolic extracts of G. kola at 25mg/kg(1.55ng/ml), 50mg/kg (0.98ng/ml) and 100mg/kg (0.96ng/ml) was observed to progressively decrease LH serum level compared with the control. Similar decrease was also observed in FSH and testosterone as well when compared with the control group respectively while FSH, LH and Testosterone remain unchanged (p>0.05) in starved rats administered SD and water only. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a remarkable decrease in male reproductive sex hormones in starvation induced stressed male wistar rats administered prolonged G. kola ethanolic extracts.

A healthy woman can make healthy family and ultimately a healthy nation. Healthy state of women is very much needed for the society, it growth and prosperity. Ayurveda one of the world’s oldest system of health, gives a detail description of stree roga vyadhies. The fundamental principle followed here in treating these diseases affecting female genital tract is directing towards Panchakarma chikitsa. The purificatory measures to be followed for the purpose of detoxification of the body itself are shodhana karma. It is the prime factor of the Panchakarma chikitsa. For all most all diseases of the female genital tract, treatment modality starts from shodhana karma. So for women to be healthy, undergoing the shodhana karma according to the season is very much needed for the prevention of these diseases. Here an attempt is made for the conceptual study and analyzing of complete diseases of Stree roga. All the classical references regarding chikitsa of the same were collected and analyzed. Study of all these chikitsa sutra found beneficial. All of them are directing towards single base line treatment of Panchakarma chikitsa. The vamanadi shodhana karma can only make the women free from these diseases. The conceptual study of these treatment modality also gives the hint towards preventing the same diseases by following Shodhana karma according to the season every year.

Recent global health challenges have increased public awareness of the need to enhance immunity and overall well-being. Alongside a nutritious diet and regular exercise, there is growing interest in natural plant-based therapies that support immune health. In Ayurvedic medicine, Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), a deciduous climbing shrub native to India, is renowned for its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Traditionally used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, Guduchi also plays a key role in strengthening immune function and promoting systemic balance. Guduchi is considered an effective immunomodulator, capable of regulating immune responses rather than merely stimulating or suppressing them. It also possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress—key contributors to chronic diseases. Additionally, Guduchi is recognized as a natural adaptogen, enhancing the body's ability to adapt to physical and emotional stress by maintaining homeostasis. Typically administered as a decoction or as part of polyherbal formulations, Guduchi has been extensively studied. Over 200 bioactive compounds have been identified from its aqueous and alcoholic extracts, with clerodane-type diterpenoids being the most prominent. Research indicates its ability to modulate crucial signaling pathways related to inflammation, cell proliferation, and immune function. While further studies are needed to isolate and characterize its active components, existing evidence strongly supports Guduchi’s role as a safe and effective immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic agent.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Rivaroxaban was achieved on Prominence LC-20A Quaternary Gradient HPLC system, by using Shimpack C-18 (5µm, 4.6 x 250mm) column and the mobile phase containing Acetonitrile and Phosphate Buffer with pH of 4.5 in a 50:50 v/v ratio. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 235nm using a UV detector at ambient temperature. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.7497μg/ml and 2.272μg/ml respectively and retention time was found to be 4.848mins. The % Recovery was found to be 100.70-101.37%. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Rivaroxaban were not less than 2000 and not more than 2 respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate and robust method for quantitative analysis of Rivaroxaban.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Dapagliflozin was achieved on Prominence LC-20A Quaternary Gradient HPLC system, by using Shimpack C-18 (5µm, 4.6 x 250mm) column and the mobile phase containing Methanol and water with 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid with pH of 4.5 in a 80:20v/v ratio. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 224nm using a UV detector at ambient temperature. LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.279 μg/ml and 3.877 μg/ml respectively and retention time was found to be 3.935mins. The % Recovery was found to be 99.93%-100.29%. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Dapagliflozin were not less than 2000 and not more than 2 respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate and robust method for quantitative analysis of Dapagliflozin.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Fluvoxamine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Fluvoxamine was achieved on Prominence LC-20A Quaternary Gradient HPLC system, by using Shimpack C-18 (5µm, 4.6 x 250mm) column and the mobile phase containing Acetonitrile and Phosphate Buffer with pH of 4.5 in a 54:45 v/v ratio. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 254 nm using a UV detector at ambient temperature. LOD and LOQ were found to be 6.39μg/ml and 19.36μg/ml respectively and retention time was found to be 3.66mins. The % Recovery was found to be 99.42-100.71%. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Fluvoxamine were not less than 2000 and not more than 2 respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate and robust method for quantitative analysis of Fluvoxamine.

Kasa is one of the pathological conditions explained in many contexts in Ayurvedic texts. Kasa may develop as an independent disease, a lakshana associative to other disease or as Upadrava of a disease. Understanding and differentiating the Kasa is most important to treat the condition effectively. In the present era Kasa is the most common disease affecting a large aged population. Kasa is one of the Pranvaha Strotodusthijanya Vyadhi. The vitiated Prana Vayu along with Udana Vayu which further gets aggravated in association with other Doshas and expelled out forcefully with a “coughing sound” like the broken bronze vessel, called as Kasa. In Ayurveda, based on the similarity in signs and symptoms, the Kasa nearest correlation is Bronchitis.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health issue, with rates still on the rise. Projections indicate that over 700 million adults could be affected by 2045. While we know traditional risk factors like genetics, obesity, and lifestyle, the human gut microbiome has become an important factor in the disease’s development and a possible target for new treatment strategies. This narrative review summarizes current research on the complex relationship between the gut microbiome and T2D. It looks into the changes in microbial composition and function seen in dysbiosis and how gut microbes affect glucose balance in the body. We discuss how microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids, interact with the body to influence insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and gut barrier health. The review also examines the potential of microbiome-focused interventions, such as dietary changes, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, as supplements to standard T2D treatments. A key focus is the effect of glucose-lowering medications, particularly metformin, on the gut microbiome, suggesting a possible two-way interaction. Despite encouraging findings, the field faces challenges like differences in study methods, the need for larger and more diverse groups, and the difficulty in turning correlational data into concrete causes and effective treatments. The review concludes that a better understanding of the gut microbiome's role in T2D could lead to personalized, microbiome-based diagnostics and treatments, thus improving diabetes management.

Child health has assumed great significance in all over the world. Its importance is being realized more and more by Pediatricians and general public in developing as well as developed countries. Children in the modern age suffer at large due to physical problems. In addition to that they suffer from psychological problems too. The event leaves a lasting impression on the tender mind of children and later become the cause of behavioural or psychosomatic disease. Shayyamutra or Enuresis is a disease which is very much prevalent in childhood period. The word Shayyamutra is itself indicating to the urine passed in the bed especially during sleeping in both day and night. Ancient scholars have also described Shayyamutra as psychosomatic origin. Enuresis is defined as the voluntary or involuntary repeated discharge of urine into clothes or bed after a developmental age when bladder control should be established.

Ayurveda the system of traditional Indian heritage paid huge attention towards the health management of female. The health of female gets affected during different age of her life cycle; puberty and menopause are important causative factors which hampers female health significantly. Disturbed menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, physical stress and awful conduction of daily & dietary regimen, etc. play important role towards the reproductive health problems of female. Ayurveda explores several preventive & therapeutic measures for restoring female health and Shalya Chikitsa is one of the branches of Ayurveda which helps greatly in this regards. The minor and para-surgical intervention of Ayurveda provides therapeutic regimen for treating some gynecological problems. Present article summarizes etiopathogenesis of common Stree Roga and their possible management through surgical intervention.