Chrysopogon nigritanus is a plant widely used traditionally for various purposes, particularly in traditional medicine for its various properties of pharmaceutical and cosmetic interest. From a scientific point of view, this plant has not been widely studied, particularly in the field of pharmacology. The aim of this work is to present the nutritional interest and composition in undesirable elements (pesticides) in the roots of Chrysopogon nigritanus based on screening for minerals and pesticides using successive energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and the Queschers method of standard NF EN 15662 for foods of plant origin in order to explore its mineral and pesticide composition. In this work, we presented the plant as well as the method and plant material used to perform the tests before announcing the screening results and their interpretation, which focused on the importance of minerals in the human system in order to scientifically demonstrate to users the nutritional value of Chrysopogon nigritanus roots in water and the absence of pesticides on them.

Introduction: The Sciatic nerve is the thickest nerve in the body. It is made up of two components, namely the tibial and the common peroneal which are derived from the ventral rami of L4 to S3 spinal nerves of the lumbosacral plexus. It begins in the pelvis and terminates at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa by dividing into tibial and common peroneal nerves. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to identify the anatomical variations in the bifurcation pattern of the sciatic nerve related to piriformis muscle in the south Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of about Twenty formalin fixed cadavers comprising of 40 lower limbs were collected from the department of anatomy at Panimalar medical college hospital and research institute. The dissection of gluteal region and posterior compartment of the thigh was done based on Cunningham’s dissection manual to expose and study the sciatic nerve. The variations in the anatomical course of sciatic nerve, its relationship to Piriformis muscle and the level of bifurcation were observed, photographed and recorded. Results: Out of 40 lower limbs, 36 limbs (90 %) showed normal anatomy of sciatic nerve. The remaining 4 limbs (10%) showed high bifurcation of sciatic nerve and a variation in relation to piriformis muscle. Among 4 limbs, one limb (2.5%) showed sciatic nerve bifurcation at the level of superior gemelli. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding the anatomical variations in the high bifurcation of sciatic nerve may help the surgeons and anesthetist for their routine clinical practice. The cadaveric study of these types of variations may give a clear and proper guide for the surgeons to practice efficient surgical interchange and that may avoid surgical errors.

Background: Prostate carcinoma typically metastasizes to pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes or bone. Distant nodal involvement, including cervical, axillary, and inguinal nodes, is rare and presents a diagnostic challenge. Case Presentation: We report an 80-year-old male presenting with lower abdominal pain and generalized lymphadenopathy. Laboratory evaluation revealed markedly elevated serum PSA (4412 ng/mL) with normal CEA (2.18 ng/mL). Imaging demonstrated grade II prostatomegaly and extensive lymphadenopathy in pre- and para-aortic regions, pelvic iliac nodes, and the left posterior triangle of the neck; chest imaging was normal. Tru-cut biopsy of the prostate confirmed adenocarcinoma with Gleason score 4+5, and cervical lymph node biopsy showed metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with prostatic origin. The patient was initiated on docetaxel chemotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Conclusion: This case highlights a rare presentation of prostate carcinoma with widespread nodal metastasis and underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and timely systemic therapy.

Aeglemarmelos (L.) Correa, named as Bael is one of the medicinally important plants and popular in all systems of medicine for its therapeutic properties. Present investigation focuses on collection and authentication of A. marmelos leaves in the extract preparation, phytochemical analysis, physico-chemical characterization and antimicrobial studies. An accredited botanist confirmed the plant specimen to be Herbarium collections based on its form. The plant material was collected from Botanical Garden of Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) University, Meerut. To assist in plant identification, the leaves macroscopic features - shape, size, venation and texture were noted. The shade-dried leaves were powdered and subsequently extracted with methanol in soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive agents like alkaloids, tannins terpenoids, flavonoids phenolics, glycosides and saponin in varying concentration. Physicochemical examination confirmed the purity of the plant and its compatibility with use in medicine. The extractive value was high (84.1 + 1.54%) and the ash as well as moisture content were within allowable limits. The alcoholic leaf extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae) bacteria, as well as antifungal against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. These findings suggest that the leaves of A. marmelos has significant phytotherapeutic value in support of its use in herbal formulations against microbial diseases.

Natural plant extracts are extensively investigated for their antihyperglycemic potential. In this study, the glucose-uptake activity of Tribulus terrestris and Gymnema sylvestre extracts was assessed using a yeast cell glucose-uptake model, with metformin serving as the standard. Yeast cells were incubated with sample concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/mL, and absorbance was measured at 540 nm. The percentage of glucose uptake (expressed as the percentage reduction of residual glucose relative to the control) was calculated accordingly. Gymnema sylvestre consistently exhibited higher glucose-uptake activity than Tribulus terrestris and showed a response pattern comparable to metformin. At 400 µg/mL, the percentage uptake values were 80.533% for Gymnema sylvestre, 77.057% for Tribulus terrestris, and 74.855% for metformin, indicating dose-dependent enhancement in both extracts. Overall, both plant extracts demonstrated significant glucose-uptake potential in the yeast model, with Gymnema sylvestre showing the most pronounced activity. Further mechanistic studies and in-vitro evaluation using mammalian cell lines are recommended to validate and extend these findings.

Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems hold unlimited potential in the developing sciences, where nanoscale carriers are employed to efficiently deliver therapeutic drugs at specifically targeted sites in a controlled manner, imparting several advantages concerning improved efficacy and minimizing adverse drug reactions. These nano-delivery systems target-oriented delivery of drugs with precision at several site-specific, with mild toxicity, prolonged circulation time, high solubility, and long retention time in the biological system, which circumvent the problems associated with the conventional delivery approach. Recently, nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, nanotubes, and nanoparticles have been extensively investigated through structural characteristics, size manipulation, and selective diagnosis through disease imaging molecules, which are very effective and introduce a new paradigm shift in drugs. In this review, the use of nanomedicines in drug delivery has been demonstrated in treating various diseases with significant advances and applications in different fields. In addition, this review discusses the current challenges and future directions for research in these promising fields as well.

Quality Management System (QMS) is an essential framework in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure that the medicinal products are consistently manufactured and controlled according to quality standards. A robust QMS integrates organizational structure, procedures, processes, and resources to achieve quality objectives and regulatory compliance. This review article discusses the concept of QMS, its elements, objectives, regulatory guidelines and implementation in pharmaceutical industries, and its role is ensuring the product quality, safety, and efficacy. The importance of QMS in maintaining the compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the international regulatory requirements is also highlighted.

Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a primary raw chemical utilized predominantly in the manufacturing of plastics. BPA exhibits inflammatory and nephrotoxic effects on the organism. This study examined the correlation between serum BPA and proteinuria. Methods: A total of 40 patients with stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proteinuria, devoid of structural renal abnormalities, who came to a tertiary healthcare center from October 2019 to October 2020, were included, along with a control group of 35 patients. Results: Upon examination of the data between the two groups, the median age of the patient group was found to be 39 years (range 19-65), whereas the median age of the control group was 32 years (range 24-58). The groups exhibit no disparity for gender and age. (with p=0.8 and p=0.6, respectively). The GFR level was 92.09±22.35 in the proteinuric cohort and 105.74±10.2 in the control cohort. The creatinine concentration was 0.90±0.26 mg/dl in the proteinuric cohort and 0.79±0.15 mg/dl in the control cohort. The PRCR levels were 1382 mg/g (range 123-4338) in the proteinuric group and 87 mg/g (range 38-307) in the control group. Substantial disparities were seen among the groups (p=0.001, p=0.048, and p=0.001, respectively). BPA concentrations were measured at 1.38 ng/ml (0.51-14.50) in the proteinuric group and 4.93 ng/ml (0.56-14.50) in the control group (p=0.08). Conclusion: Serum BPA concentrations were correlated with GFR levels. Concerns have been expressed regarding the potential for BPA exposure to induce clinically significant alterations in kidney function, linked to exposure to prevalent environmental contaminants at existing levels.

Pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the pancreas associated with significant morbidity, recurrent hospitalization, and compromised quality of life. Conventional management primarily emphasizes symptomatic relief and supportive care, while long-term disease modulation remains limited. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, provides a comprehensive and holistic framework emphasizing correction of Agni (digestive fire), doshic balance, and tissue-level healing. The present article documents an extensive, plagiarism-free, hospital-based clinical case study evaluating the efficacy of Ayurvedic management in a patient diagnosed with pancreatitis and treated at Lal Bahadur Shastri Mahila Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Bilaspur, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India. A structured Ayurvedic therapeutic regimen consisting of Shamana chikitsa, dietary regulation (Pathya–Apathya), and lifestyle modification was administered for four weeks with regular follow-up. Clinical symptoms, biochemical markers, and ultrasonographic findings were systematically assessed. The patient demonstrated marked clinical recovery, normalization of inflammatory markers, and significant radiological improvement. This case provides strong preliminary clinical evidence supporting the role of Ayurveda as an effective, safe, and holistic therapeutic approach in pancreatitis, warranting further large-scale clinical validation.

The current pharmacy curriculum in India is heavily content-oriented, examination-driven, and misaligned with industry and clinical expectations. Competency-Based Education (CBE) emerges as a promising approach that emphasizes measurable outcomes, practical skill development, and professional readiness rather than rote learning. This review examines the need, challenges, and potential strategies for implementing CBE in Pharmacy programs in India. It explores the global context, regulatory frameworks, digital integration, skill mapping, faculty development, and industry-academia collaboration. The paper proposes a multi-tiered approach for holistic curriculum reform, aligning pharmacy education with evolving domains such as clinical pharmacy, regulatory sciences, precision medicine, and digital therapeutics.

Background: Debris inflammation of the mouth is known as gingivitis around the teeth that doesn't lead to bone or clinical attachment loss. The type of gingivitis caused by dental biofilm is the most frequently diagnosed periodontal disease. Periodontitis involves periodontal inflammation and apical migration of the junctional epithelium, which destroys connective tissue connection and alveolar bone. Biofilm of bacteria forms on mouth surfaces as dental plaque. Calculus, a hard deposit generated by mineralization of dental plaque on natural teeth and dental prosthesis, is usually supra or subgingival. Periodontal disorders are among the most frequent oral illnesses. This study aimed to Evaluation of periodontal indices among dental student due to their easy accessibility, their similarity in age, and because they are more aware of oral care factors through their studies. The study also aims to provide a useful practical application for students in measuring indicators of gum disease, the students of dental college Alkafeel University as a sample. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional research was undertaken at Alkafeel University in Najaf, Iraq, in 2022–2023. This research involved 100 (50 male/50 female) fourth stage and 100 (50 male/50 female) final-year faculty students Using a systematic interview questionnaire, clinical exams, a flat mouth mirror, and a University of Michigan ‘O’ probe (Williams marks). The examiner measured plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and Simplified Calculus Index(CI). Results: The fourth stage (mean ±SD) of PI = (0.4498+0.3378), GI= (1.6006 ± 1.922), CI= (0.3140 ± 0.2668) were found to be high compared with The fifth stage(mean ±SD) of plaque (0.2980+0.2127), gingival (0.7260 ± 0.6004) and calculus (0.2980 ± 0.2127) indices, with significant difference in gingival index only p

The aim of this work is to evaluate the excipients and veicle commonly used in galenic dermatology With an pharmaceutical – chemical point of view. It is a real complex world: products form mineral, animal or vegetal origin or also syntetic. The hystoricsl use of remedies in dermatological condition is very ancient in the humanity history and since today the term GALENIC is used in the modern pharmacy setting. The efficacy ot the therapy is related not only to the various AIPs used but also to the excipienst or veicle employed as well as the Pharmaceutical form choosed by the dermatologist or the pharmacist. Efficacy, safety and tollerability are the key factors for acute or prolonged therapy : for adults or children. The chemical stability and the microbiological aspects complete the profile for a good galenic product. The characteristics of the some pharmaceutical or cosmetic topical form and their composition are reported : classic formulation are then submitted to clarify some useful concepts.

Working standards are essential tools in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories to ensure the accuracy, precision, and reliability of analytical results. They play a critical role in maintaining the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. This article discusses the importance, preparation, qualification, storage, documentation, regulatory expectations, and challenges related to working standards. Proper management of working standards helps pharmaceutical industries achieve compliance with global regulatory requirements and ensures the consistent quality of medicines supplied to patients.

This study was cross-sectional and examined the relationship between iron-index factors and the intake of processed (PF) and ultra-processed (UPF) foods in 100 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters and 100 non-pregnant women (as a control group) in Baghdad, Iraq. In addition to laboratory-based measurements of blood parameters (hemoglobin, MCV, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and TIBC), dietary consumption was evaluated twice using a 24-hour recall questionnaire and categorized using the NOVA system. The findings indicated that while there was no significant difference in the intake of ultra-processed meals (P=0.491), pregnant women consumed considerably more processed foods (mean 2.34 vs. 1.96; P=0.003). Correlation analyses showed the most startling finding: in both groups (pregnant and non-pregnant), there was a strong negative association (P=0.001) between the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and levels of hemoglobin, MCV, serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin. This was true even though there were no significant differences in iron marker variables (such as hemoglobin and ferritin) between the two groups (apart from elevated platelets (P=0.002) and WBC counts (P=0.006) in pregnant women). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation (P=0.001) between the two groups' TIBC levels and the meals they consumed. The study comes to the conclusion that indices of iron storage (ferritin) and circulation iron (hemoglobin) are adversely correlated with greater intake of processed and ultra-processed meals.and significantly affects iron homeostasis in women of reproductive age, regardless of pregnancy status.

The Padma Awards are one of the highest civilian honours of India announced annually on the eve of Republic Day [25th January]. The Awards are given in three categories: Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and distinguished service), Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of higher order) and Padma Shri (distinguished service). The award seeks to recognize achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of public service is involved.