The study conducted in the Ihorombe region focuses on air temperature, rainfall, and humidity in order to identify possible changes in these climatic parameters and to assess the impact of climate phenomena on agricultural production (Gurib-Fakim, 2006; Burney, 1992). The analysis considers rain-fed crops, namely rice, maize, cassava, sweet potato, groundnut, and sugarcane, which are highly dependent on rainfall (Burney, 1992). The research methodology is based on data collection and field surveys. For the analysis of climatic parameters, two analytical approaches were applied: the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM), which allowed the identification of anomalies within the climatic time series (Ghil et al., 2002). The results show unusual anomalies in temperature and rainfall, while air humidity was regular during the period 1989–2004. These anomalies suggest the beginning of climate change in the Ihorombe region. The annual rainfall shows a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2004. Agricultural data analysis shows variations in crop yields depending on the type of crop. Rice, maize, cassava, and sugarcane exhibit increasing yields, whereas sweet potato production shows a decline despite an expansion in cultivated area. This indicates a higher sensitivity of sweet potato to climate change compared to the other crops studied. The Ihorombe region is currently affected by climate change. However, the impact of climate change on agriculture is not the same for all crops. This situation requires the implementation of adaptation strategies so that agriculture, which is a major source of food, is not negatively affected by the possible effects of climate change.

A phytochemical analysis was conducted on a M. prunes seed extract to determine the presence of various bioactive compounds. Qualitative tests were performed to detect alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, phytosterols, cholesterol, terpenoids, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, carboxylic acids, and resins. The results revealed the presence of several phytochemical classes, suggesting potential medicinal properties of the plant extract. This study also investigated the effects of different processing methods – boiling, roasting, and soaking – on the moisture content, protein content, crude fiber, crude fat, carbohydrate content, pH, and ash content of a specific food matrix. Raw samples were compared to processed samples to determine the changes induced by each treatment. The results indicate that processing significantly affects the nutritional composition and some physicochemical properties. Roasting led to a substantial reduction in moisture content (range: 6.21-7.29%) and an increase in crude fat (range: 4.48-4.91%), while boiling (moisture range: 10.24-11.93%; protein range: 21.05-23.42%; ash range: 2.98-4.24%) and soaking (moisture range: 10.97-11.92%; protein range: 21.37-22.50%; ash range: 2.98-3.40%) resulted in higher carbohydrate content (boiled range: 66.46-67.92%; soaked range: 67.08-68.53%) and a decrease in protein and ash. The pH remained relatively stable across all processing methods (range: 6.4-6.5). These findings highlight the importance of processing techniques in modifying the nutritional profile of the food matrix, which has implications for its utilization and nutritional value.

Plant stress, driven by environmental factors such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, poses significant challenges to global agriculture, affecting food security and biodiversity. Research into plant stress mechanisms is critical for developing resilient crop varieties capable of withstanding such adverse conditions. Tissue culture, a powerful tool in plant biotechnology, offers a unique platform to study plant responses at the cellular and molecular levels. By enabling the propagation of plant cells in controlled environments, tissue culture facilitates the investigation of stress-induced changes in plant physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. This review aims to highlight the potential of tissue culture techniques in advancing our understanding of plant stress mechanisms, emphasizing their role in exploring cellular responses to stressors, identifying stress-tolerant genotypes, and screening for novel stress-related genes. Key findings suggest that tissue culture enables rapid assessment of plant stress responses, providing insights into stress adaptation pathways, and facilitating the development of stress-tolerant crops. Looking ahead, the integration of tissue culture with modern genomic and transcriptomic tools holds great promise for accelerating the identification of key stress-related genes and pathways, ultimately contributing to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop resilience in the face of climate change.

Prasuti Tantra is a branch of medical science that focuses on the process of labor. Childbirth is a blessing to a women given from God. Mudhagarbha (Obstructed Labour) where the Garbha (fetus) becomes stuck in the birth canal which cause cessation of labour progress due to fetal malpresentation, size, or maternal pelvic issues. Obstructed labor is a significant factor contributing to maternal and infant mortality. This study sheds light on the details regarding the etiology, pathology, classifications, complications, and treatment of Mudhagarbha according to both medical sciences.

Cinnamomum tamala (CT) is a member of the Lauraceae family and its leaves were used as food spices for flavor. The leaves are also used as an antidiabetic agent, and many more in the Indian Medicine System. This potential of CT leaves towards postprandial hyperglycemia is not known, so it is planned here for the same. Here, we have prepared hexane fraction of CT leaves (CTH, most active) and shown their effect on oral, glucose and sucrose tolerance and α- glycosidase activity for postprandial hyperglycemia. CTH @ 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight were given to normal and diabetic rats and blood glucose was monitored for 2 hrs. For the study of the mechanism, their effect was measured on alpha glycosidase activity and its effect on postprandial hyperglycemia. Results suggested that CTH reduced postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting Alpha glycosidase activity. Acarbose which is a well-known alpha glycosidase inhibitor, is used as a reference drug for postprandial hyperglycemia.

Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) is a locally acting anti-inflammatory drug widely used in the treatment and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Due to its instability in gastric conditions and the requirement for site-specific drug delivery to the colon, delayed-release formulations are essential. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of Mesalamine USP delayed-release tablets using two different coating polymers. Tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method using suitable binders and lubricants, followed by compression and enteric coating. Pre-compression parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, Carr’s compressibility index, and Hausner’s ratio were evaluated to assess flow properties. Post-compression evaluations including weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution studies were performed. Drug content uniformity was analyzed using HPLC. The results demonstrated satisfactory physicochemical properties, acceptable flow behavior, and effective delayed drug release in both formulations. The study concludes that Mesalamine delayed-release tablets coated with appropriate polymers can successfully target colonic drug delivery and enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Ayurveda is the science of life, its main objective being to relieve human suffering and to impart health and longevity. Snoring is a sound produced by vibrations in the pharynx and soft palate as air flows through this constricted area. Increased narrowing leads to louder snoring, difficulty in breathing, and ultimately apneic episodes. The typical motivation for patients to seek assistance is the social repercussions. These can include distress, exclusion from the bedroom, marital discord, inability to take vacations, anxiety about traveling, or the risk of dozing off in public, among others. A 40-year-old male patient presented at the outpatient department of Panchakarma, KDMGS Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, reporting a snoring sound during sleep for the past 2 months. The patient was treated on the line of management of Urdwajatrugata Vikara by using Gandush and Nasya therapy shown wonderful result in snoring sound was noticed with in 14 days of treatment.

Tyrosine kinases are really important in how cells signal inside, controlling stuff like growth and when cells die, and when they go wrong, it leads to cancer getting worse. I think targeting them makes sense for new cancer drugs. This study looked at some phenolic compounds to see how they bind to a tyrosine kinase enzyme and what their drug properties might be, all done on a computer. We used software like ChemDraw and ChemSketch to get the ligand structures ready. Then docked them to the protein from PDB ID 3ERT with PyRx and AutoDock. For the interactions between protein and ligand, it was BIOVIA Discovery Studio and this tool called PLIP. SwissADME helped predict if theyd work as drugs, like ADMET stuff. Out of the compounds screened, chlorogenic acid stood out with the best binding, at negative 6.1 kcal per mol. It made stable bonds with active site residues, hydrogen ones, hydrophobic, and even pi pi stacking. That seems pretty solid. The ADMET results showed okay pharmacokinetics, and it followed Lipinskis Rule of Five. So chlorogenic acid could be a good starting point, maybe test it for real as a tyrosine kinase blocker in cancer treatment. Im not totally sure about the next steps, but it feels promising. The whole in silico approach helped narrow it down without lab work yet.

A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that allows magma, ash and gasses to erupt from below the surface. It is made up of a magma chamber, a vent, a crater and a cone shaped mountain made of layers of ash and lava. Volcanoes are a specialized type of mountain built by the accumulation of erupted lava, ash, and rock around a central vent, often featuring a crater and the potential for active eruptions. Conversely, mountains are generally, larger, older landforms created by tectonic plate collisions, folding, or uplift that lack internal volcanic activity. Most of the estimated 2,000 deaths at Pompeii occurred on the second day of the eruption, when the top of Vesuvius collapsed and an avalanche of raging-hot volcanic material tore through the city. This fast-moving wall of hot rock and ash, known as pyroclastic flow, killed with both heat and sheer force. Volcanic eruptions are partly driven by pressure from dissolved gas, much as escaping gases force the cork out of a bottle of champagne.

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal toothpaste with more emphasis on minimizing the use of synthetic additives. Increasing concern about the toxicities related to the ingredients like parabens, sodium lauryl sulfate, saccharin, and fluoride has enhanced interest in the herbal oral care products as safer alternatives to the conventional types.[31-33] Herbal toothpastes have been found to maintain oral hygiene apart from their therapeutic benefits resulting from the bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal herbs.[3,10,21,23] The selected herbal seed extract was employed as an active ingredient in formulation based on the reportedly antimicrobial and analgesic activities attributed to bioactive compounds such as karanjin and pongamol, besides the compound eugenol present in clove oil.[22,27,35,36] Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were prepared by changing the concentration of microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose while keeping all other excipients constant. Herbal seed extract was prepared using 70% ethanolic extraction and incorporated into the toothpaste base along with suitable excipients.[5,6,12] Two methods for the formulation were assessed, and it was found that formulation method 1 provided more stable and standardized preparations of toothpaste. Physicochemical and microbiological assessments evidenced that formulation F1 was more stable and presented antimicrobial activities significantly higher than the other formulations and the commercially available herbal toothpaste products.[6,9,13,23,31] NOVELTY OF WORK: This paper highlights the design and development of a polyherbal toothpaste formulation using Pongamia pinnata seed extract and clove oil, which exhibit synergistic antibacterial properties with less usage of synthetic chemicals.[22,27,36] Contrary to most previous reports that exclusively emphasized individual herbal substances in toothpaste formulation, this paper comprehensively endeavors to maximize herbal formulation in terms of natural polymer concentrations, specifically sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose (SCMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC).[1,4,7,14] The results showed an effective formulation with bactericidal potency compatible with and better than that in most herbal and fluoride-based toothpaste reported in previous literature.[3,9,13,23,31] The proposed formulation also provides a practically productive, biological, and safe method in making a beneficial herbal preparation for oral health.[6,12,25,34]

Fast oral dissolving films represent an advanced oral solid dosage form, offering flexibility and user comfort. These films rapidly disintegrate and dissolve within one minute when placed in the mouth, without the need for water or chewing. This dosage form enables medication to bypass first-pass metabolism, potentially enhancing bioavailability. Mouth dissolving films may improve onset of action, reduce required dosing, and mitigate the risk of choking. Their formulation incorporates both visual and performance characteristics, utilizing plasticized hydrocolloids and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) taste-masking agents, which are laminated by solvent casting or semisolid casting methods. The solvent casting method is preferred due to its ability to produce films with uniform thickness, a glossy appearance, and superior physical properties. Evaluation of mouth dissolving films includes assessment of parameters such as thickness, folding endurance, disintegration time, and dissolution time.

Aim – The aim of the present study is to compare the Effect of Akṣatvāgadī Taila Shiroabhyanga and Madhuyaṣṭhī Churna in the management of Adolescent Boys Scalp Hairfall (Khālitya). Methods – The 100 patients of diagnosed scalp hair loss with or without associate conditions (i.e., itching, dandruff, decreasing hairline, any patch and dryness) will be enrolled and divided in two group (Group A and B: 50 participates in each group) from direct visiting to institutions OPD of Kaumarbhritya or from camps and school awareness programs. Result – The result will be based on observation and analysed data. Conclusion – If it is found significant that Akṣatvāgadī Taila Shiroabhyanga and Madhuyaṣṭhī churna address the Adolescent Boys Scalp Hairfall (Khālitya) then proper guidelines will be provided to the children and their parents.