Background: Flow cytometry has become a standard diagnostic technology in clinical hematology and immunology. The CLSI H62 guideline provides a validation framework for flow cytometric assays. Standardization and quality control remain persistent challenges, with significant inter-laboratory variability documented across platforms, reagents, and operator practices (Dorn-Beineke & Sack, 2016; Kelleher et al., 2024). Objective: This study validates an 8-color immunophenotyping panel for lymphoid malignancy diagnosis and a 6-color TBNK lymphocyte subset panel on the Sysmex XF-1600 platform with PS-10 automated sample preparation and VenturiOne® analysis software. The XF-1600 has demonstrated reliable performance in B-CLL diagnosis with inter-laboratory harmonization (Weir et al., 2025) and measurable residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma (Salvia et al., 2024). Methods: PMT voltage optimization was performed across seven fluorescence channels using Spherotech COMPtrol beads. Accuracy was assessed by method comparison of 16 specimens against a reference laboratory (Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman analysis). Precision was evaluated per CLSI EP15-A3 (5 replicates/run, 2 runs/day, 5 days). Specimen stability was tested at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Carryover was assessed using sequential high/low acquisitions. A 25-specimen stability study across three batches with T0/T1 paired testing confirmed batch-to-batch consistency. Results: Optimal PMT voltages were established for all channels (peak stain indices 13.1 to 142.6). Method comparison showed Pearson r > 0.97 for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ with mean biases below 1.0 percentage point. Precision CVs were below 3.5% for major populations at normal levels. All parameters remained stable within 5% of baseline through 72 hours. Carryover was below 0.5%. Conclusions: The Sysmex XF-1600 with integrated automated preparation and VenturiOne® analysis meets all validation requirements for clinical lymphocyte immunophenotyping and lymphoid malignancy diagnosis.

This research has been successfully synthesized six compounds of 1,3,5-triaryl pyrazole derivatives by two steps reaction. Firstly, pyrazoline compound was obtained by one-pot reaction of aromatic ketones, aldehyde and hydrazine in basic condition. Then, pyrazole compound was obtained by oxidative aromatization of compound in the presense of acetic acid. Chemical structure of predicted molecules was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy data analysis. Antibacterial activity of compounds was evaluated by Agar well diffusion Method. Biological evaluation result showed that pyrazole compounds had weak Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtiles compare to standard drug Metronidazole.

Ayurvedic therapy has been shown to be effective in treating various liver disorders. Budd chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare but serious disorder characterized by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow. The prognosis is usually poor. A 33years old obese female patient from Vijaypura visited the kayachikitsa OPD of BLDEA'S AVS Ayurveda mahavidyalaya hospital and research centre Vijaypura, on 20/08/25 presenting with complaints of pedal edema, abdominal distention and was treated for BCS exclusively with shodana and shamanaoushadis. This patient had portal hypertension, mild ascites, enlarged liver size with mild caudate lobe hypertrophy. The main line of treatment given was one sitting virechana along with ayurvedic shamanoushadis which showed significant improvement in symptoms and USG changes are not significant I,e major changes in USG scan is not seen. This case study provides primary evidence of probable potential of Ayurveda medicine in improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with BCS.

In Ayurveda all types of skin disease are included in Kushta Roga. It is further divided into mahakushta and kshudra kushta. Eka kushta is one among the kshudra kushta as described by the various acharyas. Eka kushta occurs due to the imbalance of vata and kapha dosha, resembling psoriasis in its clinical manifestation. Its of prime importance due to its chronicity and severity which involves the larger extent of the body. In present case study we have reported 16 year old female patient from talikoti visited the Kayachikitsa OPD of BLDEA's AVS Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Hospital and Research Centre Vijayapura, on 14/07/2025 presenting with the complaints of scaly lesions all over the body with dryness and itching from last 5 years. She was diagnosed as Ekakushta. Due to disease tendency toward remission and recurrence, we undertook shodhana (virechana karma) for purification of vitiated doshas, followed by the shamanaushadhis. After treatment the patient got satisfactory result and complaints reduced by 70 to 80%.

Transverse myelitis is a radiological finding in MRI, which shows spinal cord lesions with neuromuscular spectrum disorder and dorso lumbar spine screening study shows, thickening of lower dorsal cord and conus extending from D9 to L1 level with altere with that other causes also included. In this case study A 25 year old female come to opd with lower backache, both lower limb weakness and difficulty in walking. This symptoms in Ayurveda may br correlate with the adharanga vata. patient was treated with yapan basti and shamana aushadhis with the principles of vatavyadhi chikitsa. The findings were obtained with timely monitoring of the symptoms and condition of the disease. The patient achieved strength in both lower limb and she is able to walk without support so it can be concluded That transverse myelitis can be effectively treated with the help of ayurvedic management.

Benzimidazoles are a group of hererocyclic compounds having excessive structural flexibility, physicochemical stability, as well as promising biological activities. A series of 1, 2-disubstituted mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives has been synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of various alkyl halides at C-2 of mercaptobenzimidazole, as a new class of compound in this study. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (^1H NMR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. The produced compounds were examined for antibacterial activity against the bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherich coli) using the agar well diffusion method and ciprofloxacin as a reference drug. From these synthesized derivatives, BK-3 and BK-5 have been found to possess excellent activity and the rest BK-2, BK-4, BK-6 and BK-8 exhibited good activity. The antibacterial activity of these derivatives was not superior to that of ciprofloxacin, but it suggested that 1,2-disubstituted mercaptobenzimidazole could serve as a lead for developing new antibiotics. The present study highlights the significance of the strategic substitution on benzimidazole core to enhance the biological activity and will support further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.

Optimizing extraction processes is essential to ensuring the quality and efficacy of active ingredients intended for therapeutic and nutraceutical uses. This study aims to analyze the influence of temperature, extraction time, and solvent type on the extraction of compounds with galactogenic potential, in order to identify the most favorable conditions for their valorization. The study focused on three medicinal plants known for their galactogenic properties: Carica papaya L., Momordica charantia L., and Vernonia amygdalina Del. Extracts were obtained by maceration, infusion, and decoction. A qualitative phytochemical analysis, based on precipitation and color tests, revealed different groups of secondary metabolites. The total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum trichloride (AlCl₃) method, while the total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Tannin content was determined using the vanillin method. Extraction yields ranged from 5% to 28.33%. Analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols, associated with potential galactogenic activities, as well as anthocyanins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and coumarins. Polyphenol levels ranged from 2.10 to 922.65 mg GAE/g, flavonoid levels from 161.13 to 345.02 mg QE/g, and tannin levels from 140.00 to 443.66 mg CE/g extract. Among the techniques evaluated, maceration proved to be the most effective at concentrating bioactive compounds, although it exhibited a low extraction yield. These results highlight the pharmacological potential of these plant species to support lactation, provided that extraction parameters are rigorously optimized to maximize their bioavailability and efficacy.

ST Tablet is a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation composed of Senna (Cassia angustifolia), Triphala (a combination of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica and Emblica officinalis), Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) and Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), widely indicated in the management of constipation and irregular bowel habits. Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty in defecation, or passage of hard stools, often associated with dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological factors. In Ayurveda, it is described as Vibandha, primarily caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha, particularly dysfunction of Apana Vayu at the level of Pakwashaya (colon). The present study aims to standardize ST Tablet through organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, and chromatographic fingerprinting. Organoleptic parameters confirmed characteristic brown-coloured tablets with a bitter taste. Physicochemical parameters such as hardness, friability, loss on drying, and ash values were assessed to ensure quality and stability. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins, which are responsible for the formulation’s laxative, digestive, and detoxifying properties. The synergistic action of its ingredients enhances bowel motility, softens fecal matter, improves digestion, and balances Tridoshas. The study establishes baseline quality control parameters for ST Tablet, which can be used for ensuring batch-to-batch consistency and scientific validation of the formulation.

Cardiovascular and renal disorders represent a major and interrelated global health burden, driven largely by hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Hypertensive heart disease arises from sustained pressure overload, resulting in myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, microvascular rarefaction, and progressive cardiac dysfunction. Coronary artery disease develops through complex interactions between endothelial injury, lipid deposition, inflammation, and plaque instability, leading to ischemic complications. Advances in cardiovascular medicine—including high-sensitivity biomarkers, multimodal imaging, contemporary pharmacotherapy, percutaneous and surgical revascularization, and emerging adjunctive therapies—have substantially improved early diagnosis and clinical outcomes. Chronic kidney disease, frequently secondary to diabetes and hypertension, is characterized by progressive nephron loss, persistent inflammation, and fibrosis. Diabetic kidney disease remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure worldwide. Recent therapeutic developments such as sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have demonstrated both renal and cardiovascular protective effects. Acute kidney injury, once considered reversible, is now recognized as a pivotal event that accelerates chronic kidney disease progression and increases long-term cardiovascular risk. This review provides an integrated overview of the pathophysiology, diagnostic advancements, and contemporary management strategies in hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, and acute kidney injury. Emphasis is placed on the shared mechanisms and bidirectional interactions between the heart and kidneys, underscoring the need for coordinated, multidisciplinary approaches to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Introduction: Diabetes can lead to many serious complications affecting various organs and systems in the body. These complications have a significant impact on patients' health and increase the risk of mortality. Therapeutic education helps patients understand their disease, adopt healthy lifestyle habits, monitor their blood sugar levels, take their medication correctly, and prevent potential complications. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical observational study conducted over three months at a university hospital in Rabat. Data was collected using a detailed questionnaire administered to diabetic patients. Results: Among the 207 diabetic patients surveyed, there was a predominance of women (53.60%), with a sex ratio of 0.86. The average age was 61, and 39.90% of participants were overweight. A secondary education level was found in 32.40% of patients. In addition, 50.20% of patients did not know their type of diabetes. Regarding treatment, 51.20% were on insulin, 35.40% were on non-insulin treatment, and 13.40% were receiving a combination of both. In total, 80.70% practiced self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, and 48.30% had HbA1c levels above 8%. Regarding hypoglycemia, 71% were aware of the warning signs and 66.20% had already experienced it. Finally, 30% had three cardiovascular risk factors and 48.50% had ophthalmological complications. Discussion: By comparing our results with those of other studies, we developed a poster designed to inform and educate patients about diabetes. Conclusion: To prevent diabetes complications, it is essential to provide clear and accessible recommendations to help patients better understand their disease. This includes the implementation of appropriate therapeutic education programs.

Jauhar (or Jahar Brata) was a historical practice of mass self-immolation among Hindu Rajput women in India to avoid capture, rape, and enslavement by invading enemy armies, particularly during the Delhi Sultanate era. It was considered an act of honour and ultimate sacrifice, often occurring after the men committed 'Saka' (a last-stand, fight-to-the-death battle). The Jauhar Kund (or Jauhar Stahal) is a historic site within the Chittorgarh Fort in Rajasthan, marking where Rajput women committed mass self-immolation (Jauhar) to avoid capture, rape, and enslavement by invaders. The most famous instance was led by Rani Padmini in 1303 after Alauddin Khilji's victory. Jauhar Kund is a historical site of mass self-immolation practiced by Rajput women, most notably at Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, to avoid capture and enslavement by invaders, primarily during the 14th-16th centuries. The most renowned instance, the Jauhar of Rani Padmini, occurred in 1303 upon Alauddin Khilji's invasion.

Drug abuse among youths in slum communities represents a growing public health concern in Nigeria, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas such as Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. This study assessed the perceived health effects of drug abuse among young adults in selected slum areas of Yenagoa. An analytical cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 424 young adults aged 18-35 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and mean scores, while Chi-square test was used to test the study hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings revealed respondents demonstrated high awareness of psychological effects such as anxiety (mean = 4.94), mood disorders (mean = 4.02), and concentration problems (mean = 4.14). Similarly, strong agreement was observed regarding social effects, including crime involvement (mean = 4.82) and social isolation (mean = 4.03), as well as physical health effects such as chronic diseases (mean = 4.82) and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases (mean = 4.80). The study concludes that drug abuse among youths in Yenagoa slums is highly prevalent despite strong awareness of its harmful consequences. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive interventions integrating health education, and accessible rehabilitation services to reduce substance abuse among vulnerable youths.

Mimusops hexandra is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various inflammatory and oxidative stress–related disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Mimusops hexandra. The ethanolic extract was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, proteins, and phenolic compounds. Quantitative analysis showed appreciable total phenolic content (0.843 mg/100 mg) and total flavonoid content (0.912 mg/100 mg) of the dried extract. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, where the extract exhibited concentration-dependent scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 74.95 µg/ml, compared to ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 25.45 µg/ml). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The ethanolic extract, particularly at a dose of 200 mg/kg, showed significant inhibition of paw edema, especially during the later phase of inflammation, comparable to the standard drug indomethacin. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mimusops hexandra possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which may be attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The study supports the traditional use of Mimusops hexandra and indicates its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions.

Medication errors are a major concern in primary healthcare, where most patients first receive medical attention. These errors can occur at different stages, including prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medicines. Common causes include lack of proper knowledge, heavy workload, poor communication, and limited resources. Such errors may lead to ineffective treatment, adverse drug reactions, increased healthcare costs, and harm to patients. This review and study aims to understand the types, causes, and impact of medication errors in primary healthcare settings. It also highlights the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in preventing these errors. Various studies show that prescribing errors are the most common, followed by dispensing and administration errors. Inadequate patient counselling and incomplete medical records further increase the risk. The review emphasizes the importance of improving awareness, training, and communication among healthcare providers. Simple strategies such as clear prescription writing, use of standard guidelines, patient education, and digital record systems can help reduce errors. Strengthening primary healthcare systems and promoting a culture of patient safety are essential steps toward minimizing medication errors and improving overall healthcare quality.

A surahi is a traditional Indian long-necked, bulbous vessel, usually made of clay (terracotta) or metal, designed to store water or liquids. It is used to keep water naturally cool in summer, for storing alcohol, and as a decorative centrepiece. Synonyms and similar terms include pitcher, jug, matka, or vessel.